Saturday, December 29, 2012

David Icke- Who Built the Moon..interesting interview pt.1

Who built the moon? It is not natural.

 OLAR PHYSICS AND TERRESTRIAL EFFECTS Chapter 4


Space Environment Center 29
Chapter 4
Solar-Terrestrial Interactions
Section 1.—The Terrestrial Space Environment
The effects of the radiation and particles that stream out from the Sun would be quite deadly for the inhabitants of Earth
if not for two protective features. The first one is Earth’s atmosphere, which blocks out the x-rays and most of the
ultraviolet radiation. When x-ray or ultraviolet photons encounter the atmosphere they hit molecules and are absorbed,
causing the molecules to become ionized; photons are re-emitted but at much longer (and less biologically destructive)
wavelengths. The second protective mechanism is the Earth’s magnetic field. This protects living organisms from the
charged particles that reach the planet steadily as part of the solar wind and the much greater bursts that arrive
following mass ejections from the Sun. When charged particles encounter a magnetic field, they generally wrap around
the field lines. Only when the path of the particle is parallel to the field can it travel without deflection. If the particle
has any motion across the field lines it will be deflected into a circular or spiral path by the Lorentz Force. Most charged
particles in the solar wind are deflected by the Earth’s magnetic field at a location called the magnetopause, about 10
Earth radii above the Earth on the day side. Inside the magnetopause, the Earth’s magnetic field has the dominant effect
on particle motion, and outside, the solar wind’s magnetic field has control.
Until 1960, Earth’s magnetic field, called the geomagnetic field, was thought to be a simple dipole field like that of a
bar magnet. We do not yet know the details of what produces the geomagnetic field, except that there must be currents
circulating inside Earth, probably associated with the molten core. With the discovery of the solar wind, physicists
realized that the magnetic field of Earth is pushed away from the Sun. The solar wind exerts a pressure on Earth’s
magnetic field which compresses it on the Sun-facing side and stretches it into a very long tail on the side away from the
Sun. This complex magnetic envelope is called the magnetosphere (Figure 4–1). On the Sun-facing side, the solar wind
compresses the magnetosphere to a distance of about 10 Earth radii; on the downwind side, the magnetotail stretches
for more than 1000 Earth radii. The magnetosphere is filled with tenuous plasmas of different densities and
temperatures, which originate from the solar wind and the ionosphere. The ionosphere is the highly charged layer of
Earth’s atmosphere which is formed by the ionizing effect of solar radiation on atmospheric molecules. In the early
1960s, solar physicists began to realize that the solar wind carries the Sun’s magnetic field out to the far reaches of the
solar system. This extension of the Sun’s magnetic field is called the interplanetary magnetic field and it can join with
geomagnetic field lines originating in the polar regions of Earth. This joining of the Sun’s and Earth’s magnetic fields is
called  magnetic reconnection, and happens most efficiently when the two fields are anti-parallel. Through
reconnection the magnetic fields of Sun and Earth become coupled together.
Solar wind particles approaching Earth can enter the magnetosphere because of reconnection and then travel along the
geomagnetic field lines in a corkscrew path (Figure 4–2). Positive ions and electrons follow magnetic field lines (in
opposite directions) to produce what are called field-aligned currents. The solar wind and the magnetosphere form a
vast electrical generator which converts the kinetic energy of solar wind particles into electrical energy. The power
produced by this magnetohydrodynamic generator can exceed 10
12
 watts, roughly equal to the average rate of
consumption of energy in the United States today! The very complex plasmas and currents in the magnetosphere are
not fully understood. 

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